Soal HOTS
1) In fact, there is now a burgeoning brain-training industry that already claims to have achieved this goal. However, many commercial claims are unsubstantiated and dismissed by the scientific community. It seems prudent for us to slow down and approach this opportunity with scientific rigor and conservative optimism. Enhancing brain function should not be viewed as a clever, profitable start-up idea that can be conquered with a large marketing budget. If the field continues to be led by overinflated claims, we will jeopardize the careful and iterative process of evidence-based innovations in brain training and thereby risk throwing out the baby with the bathwater.
The author’s attitude towards commercializing the brain-training industry can best be described as…
a. Complacent
b. Skeptical
c. Reluctant
d. Covetous
e. Esurient
Pembahasan
1. Soal ini menanyakan tentang sikap penulis yang tersirat sepanjang teks. Tipe soal ini adalah Attitude Expressed
2. Perasaan penulis sudah dicerminkan pada bagian akhir Paragraf 3.
If the field continues to be led by over inflated claims, we will jeopardize the careful and iterative process of evidence-based innovations in brain training.
Dari potongan kalimat di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penulis tidak setuju dengan mempersiapkan ranah pelatihan otak untuk dunia komersil.
3. Kata yang mencerminkan ketidaksetujuan penulis adalah reluctant
4. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah C
The text below is for queries 2 to 3
Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to take Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors, while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.
Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world over.
Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.
Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in the US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in various European countries. But with Indonesian per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few years, domestic demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most populous country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local demand is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the labor force works in an office environment.
(Adapted from www.gbgindonesia.com)
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Summarizing The Passage
2) The passage is mainly concerned with…
A. psychological elements in education
B. important points of education and training
C. the work of educational psychologists
D. educational policies for psychologists
educational psychologists’ education and training
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Paragraf tersebut membahas mengenai dua poin penting dalam pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog pendidikan di masa yang akan datang. Paragraf pertama membahas mengenai kinerja psikolog pendidikan terkait ruang dan konteks, yakni bekerja di sekolah atau bekerja sebagai profesional di luar sekolah atau institusi pendidikan.
Paragraf kedua membahas mengenai desain kurikulum sarjana psikologi yang seharusnya mempertimbangkan batasan-batasan yang muncul dari bekerja di lingkungan sekolah.
Jadi, teks tersebut membahas mengenai pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog pendidikan (educational psychologists’ education and training).
3) What is the best summary of the passage?
The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan and Western Europe
Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased
Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region
The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct flavors
Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital
Answer: E
Ringkasan yang tepat dari teks di atas adalah pilihan jawaban (E) Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital yang bermakna “Perkembangan kopi Indonesia dan industri kopi Indonesia perlu pertumbuhan modal” karena kalimat ini mewakili isi dari teks di atas sebagaimana yang tercantum di kalimat utama paragraf pertama “Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment.”
soal un-5
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information
4) What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?
The coffee export has decreased in several years
Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes
Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013
Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in ASEAN
The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian coffee
Answer: C
Dari paragraf ke-3 bisa disimpulkan bahwa ekspor kopi Indonesia telah meningkat dari tahun 2000/2001 sampai tahun 2012/2013. Ini ada pada awal kalimat paragraf ke-3 tersebut. Maka pilihan jawaban (C) Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013 merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following text.
The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected.
Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are showing," says lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather than "hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.
The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.
Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.
(Adapted from www.nature.com)
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Defining the Topic
7) The passage above mainly discusses about….
A. the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
B. the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
C. global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
D. the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period
E. the view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which vanishes
Answer: D
Perhatikan kalimat pertama pada paragraf ke-1 “The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century.” inti kalimatnya mengatakan adanya perdebatan yang membahas tentang tren pemanasan global yang melambat abad ini. Maka topik dari teks di atas adalah (D) The contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period.
soal un-5
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Finding Contextual Meaning
8) The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….
A. well-known
B. promenade
C. shrewd
D. indolent
E. magnificent
Answer: A
Prominent (Terkenal) memiliki makna yang sama dengan pilihan jawaban (A) well-known. Sedangkan, pilihan jawaban (B) promenade artinya “perjalanan”, (C) shrewd berarti “cerdas”, (D) indolent memiliki arti “malas”, dan (E) magnificent artinya “sangat bagus”.
soal un-5
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information
9) Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?
A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.
B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record upheld by the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had slowed was no longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real.
E. Because of the diversification in temperature readings from ships and buoys, the study found.
Answer: C
Pilihan jawaban (C) merupakan opsi yang tepat karena pada paragraf ke-4 “This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.” dikatakan bahwa perhitungan yang dilakukan oleh Panel Antarpemerintah pada Perubahan Iklim menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan telah melambat tidak lagi berlaku, yang mana artinya bahwa pemanasan global merupakan isu yang tidak benar.
The following text is for questions 10-11
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.
Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Restating Phrases and Sentences
10) Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?
A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and learning outcomes.
Answer: A
Dalam pernyataan “Selama dua dekade terakhir, penggunaan ICT telah menjadi topik penting dalam pendidikan. Di satu sisi, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran.” dapat dinyatakan kembali oleh opsi (A) ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.
soal un-5
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Comprehending Main Ideas
11) Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….
A. educational growth in the last two decades
B. the development of education by using ICT
C. the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
D. teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching
E. ICT and education in today’s learning development
Answer: B
Pertanyaan soal ini intinya menanyakan topik paragraf ke-1. Paragraf ke-1 topiknya membahas penggunaan TIK telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran “On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” itu artinya adanya pengembangan pendidikan dengan menggunakan TIK. Maka pilihan jawaban (B) the development of education by using ICT merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Question number 12 to 14 are based on the following text.
Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after eating and obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to function and this energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin, glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels, creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin that will be streamed through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than others. Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients shortage in the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink lots of water and limit your sugar intake.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging in regular physical exercise can help you get a good night’s sleep. It is recommended that you avoid napping if you are having trouble sleeping at night.
(Adapted from www.thejakartapost.com)
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Author-related Questions
12) What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy
B. To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating
C. To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain
D. To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
E. To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating
Answer: B
Tujuan penulis dalam menulis teks di atas adalah untuk menginformasikan faktor kantuk setelah makan.
Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before.
Maka pilihan jawaban (B) To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating merupakan opsi yang tepat.
soal un-5
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Author-related Questions
13) By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….
foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and soybeans can generate more drowsiness
overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s ability to function well
the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy
food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy
the hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after eating
Answer: D
Paragraf ke-2 penulis intinya bermaksud untuk memberitahu pembaca bahwa kombinasi makanan yang mengandung asam amino triptofan (protein) dan karbohidrat membuat Anda merasa mengantuk (Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.). Maka pilihan jawaban (D) food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.
soal un-5
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Predicting Paragraph
14) It can be predicted from the passage that….
the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy
the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body
Answer: C
Dari kalimat “This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.” dapat diprediksikan bahwa semakin sedikit Anda mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya karbohidrat, maka rasa kantuk akan berkurang. Maka pilihan jawaban (C) the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Question number 15 to 17 are based on the following text.
Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease of unknown cause that results in the progressive narrowing of the blood vessels of the lungs, causing high blood pressure in these blood vessels and eventually leading to heart failure. It is more common in women between the ages of 21 and 40; however, it can affect anyone at any age.
Initial symptoms of PPH may be very minor, and diagnosis may be delayed for several years until symptoms worsen. Typical symptoms may include shortness of breath following exertion, excessive fatigue, dizziness, fainting, weakness, ankle swelling, bluish lips and skin, as well as chest pain. It is difficult to detect PPH in medical examination.
No one knows what causes PPH; however, research into the cause suggests a number of factors that may be responsible for the disease. Possible causes include genetic or familial predisposition, immune system disease, or drugs or other chemical exposures.
Primary pulmonary hypertension is treated with a number of drugs. None of the drugs that can cure or halt the progression of this disease has been found yet, but they may relieve symptoms. Some patients take vasodilators, which help to dilate the blood vessels in the lungs, reducing the blood pressure in them. In addition, anticoagulants may be used to decrease the tendency of the blood to clot in the lungs. Doctors can choose from a variety of drugs that help lower blood pressure in the lungs and improve heart performance in many patients and medication that may take a long period of time. Patients with PPH respond differently to the different medications that relax blood vessels and that no one drug is consistently effective in all patients.
Most doctors and patients agree that it is very important for both patients and families to be as informed as possible. This lets everyone understand the illness and apply the information to what is happening. In addition to family and close friends, support groups can help PPH patients and give some valuable experience sharing among sufferers.
15) Based on the information in the text, primary pulmonary hypertension….
A. is a rare disease that cannot be cured
B. implies malfunctioning of cardiovascular
C. will contribute to death if left untreated
D. optimally needs medical treatments
E. requires long-term alternative therapies
Jawaban: D
PEMBAHASAN:
Soal tipe sulit HOTS biasanya membuat kamu memahami secara mendalam kalimat yang tersaji dalam pilihan jawaban karena ditulis dalam bentuk restatement (kalimat yang ditulis dengan adanya perubahan struktur, perubahan kosakata, peringkasan detil, namun tidak meninggalkan informasi utama yang dinyatakan dalam wacana). Terkadang pula, pilihan jawaban yang tersedia membutuhkan pemikiran logis terhadap perbandingan kalimat yang dinyatakan dalam wacana dan kalimat yang tersaji sebagai pilihan jawaban. Tak jarang pula, pilihan jawabannya membutuhkan pemahaman atas seluruh gagasan pokok yang telah dibahas.
Dalam soal di atas, misalnya, pilihan A dan B terdapat informasi yang tidak akurat karena penyakit ini belum ditemukan obat penyembuhnya, bukan berarti tidak bisa diobati dan penyakit ini menyebabkan gagal jantung akibat peningkatan tekanan darah, bukan karena hilangnya fungsi jantung. Pilihan C tidak bisa dijadikan jawaban karena informasi terkait hal tersebut tidak diberikan (not given) sehingga dalam konteks reading comprehension menjadi salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi yang ada di dalam teks. Kesesuaian pilihan D dengan isi teks menjadikan pilihan E salah karena mengandung infomasi yang tidak akurat bahwa yang dimaksud terapi alternatif adalah pengobatan nonmedis, padahal memang dibahas bahwa penyakit ini butuh perawatan medis jangka panjang.
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MODEL 2: GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE
16) The teacher asked the lazy student … the English classes.
A. why hadn’t he attended
B. when had he attended
C. hadn’t he attended
D. that he attended
E. how often he had attended
Jawaban: E
PEMBAHASAN:
Soal tipe sulit (HOTS) biasanya menguji beberapa subtopik sekaligus dalam satu soal serta disajikan dengan model yang berbeda dengan contoh kalimat yang ditulis saat pengajaran. Seringkali, model soal yang disajikan boleh dimodifikasi sehingga tidak terlihat dengan jelas soal itu membahas tentang materi grammar apa.
Dalam kasus soal Indirect Speech di atas, soal dimodifikasi dalam bentuk kalimat biasa sehingga tidak terlihat bahwa itu adalah soal kalimat tidak langsung karena tidak ada bentuk kalimat langsung yang disajikan. Soal tersebut juga tidak menguji perubahan struktur kalimat biasa, melainkan kalimat tanya yang biasanya dianggap sulit oleh para peserta.
Dalam pilihan jawaban juga diberikan struktur-struktur yang membuat kamu menganalisis apakah asal kalimat tersebut adalah kalimat langsung biasa atau kalimat pertanyaan dan mengaplikasikan bentuk perubahan dari kalimat langsung pertanyaan ke dalam kalimat tidak langsung.
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MODEL 3: VOCABULARY ENHANCEMENT
17) Sweet martabak (martabak manis), is a rich-flavoured pancake-like sweet dish which is popular in Indonesia. Sometimes referred to as "martabak bangka", where Bangka is an island in Sumatra. In Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia, these sweet, thick pancakes are also known as "terang bulan" or "kue pinang bangka". Sweet martabak is pan-cooked, using a specially shaped pan, usually with a diameter of about 25 cm and 3 cm thickness.
After cooking, the pancake is topped with a lot of butter or margarine and a (1) ____ of toppings according to the customer's (2) ____. The two major flavors are chocolate and cheese. Common toppings for chocolate flavor include a lot of chocolate sprinkles, coarsely ground peanuts, sweetened condensed milk and sesame seeds. As for the cheese flavor, grated cheese and condensed milk are used. After the toppings are added, the pancake is cut into two, and one side is flipped (3) ____ the other. A large amount of butter or margarine is then added onto the outer part or the skin of the martabak. The martabak can also be made half chocolate and half cheese, or both chocolate and cheese together which is usually called "martabak spesial". Banana as a topping is also becoming more popular recently.
A. upon
B. toward
C. throughout
D. into
E. onto
Jawaban: E
PEMBAHASAN:
Soal tipe sulit (HOTS) biasanya menyediakan pilihan kata yang tidak umum dan membutuhkan perbendaharaan kata yang tingkatnya lanjut dan/atau pemahaman kontekstual yang tepat terhadap arti suatu kata tergantung penggunaannya dalam kalimat. Dalam soal di atas, preposition juga dapat digolongkan sebagai soal yang sulit karena tidak hanya diartikan secara harfiah, tetapi juga membutuhkan exposure terhadap kata-kata tersebut sebelumnya, khususnya dalam phrasal verb atau phrasal adjective.
18) Read the passage below.
In the UK, airplane crashes come under the domain of The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB), which is responsible for the investigation of civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the UK. They are also often called upon to assist in military incidents as well as aviation accidents overseas, especially where British registered planes are involved. Their aim is to respond quickly to air accidents and serious incidents and lead and manage the accident investigation team. On their website, the AAIB stress that the aim of an investigation is ‘to improve aviation safety by determining the causes of air accidents and serious incidents and making safety recommendations intended to prevent recurrence –it’. It is not to apportion blame or liability.
After a crash has happened the AAIB will appoint an Inspector of Air Accidents or the Investigator-in-Charge to oversee the investigation. The Inspector of Air Accidents has legal powers, but must work closely with the Police and Emergency Services. Just some of the powers they have are: free access to the aircraft wreckage and its contents; immediate access to flight recorders and the ability to take sworn statements from those involved or eye witnesses. They also have the authority to impound an aircraft if they believe it is necessary for the success of the investigation.
Adapted from : http://www.nationalgeographic.com.au
The word “recurrence” in the first paragraph refer to a condition that…
A. Is going to happen
B. Can be solved
C. Is potentially impacted
D. Possibly caused an accident
E. Occurs again
Pembahasan:
Untuk menjawab soal ini, coba kamu lihat dulu di mana kata tersebut muncul. Kata recurrence muncul pada kalimat yang berbicara tentang aviation accident atau kecelakaan penerbangan. Ada pula kata-kata yang muncul di sekitarnya yakni improve aviation safety, making safety recommendation, dan prevent. Jadi, jika dipahami secara keseluruhan kalimat ini: … the AAIB stress that the aim of an investigation is ‘to improve aviation safety by determining the causes of air accidents and serious incidents and making safety recommendations intended to prevent recurrence –it bahwa tujuan investigasi AAIB adalah untuk meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan dengan menentukan menentukan penyebab kecelakaan dan membuat rekomendasi keselamatan untuk mencegah terjadinya recurrence.
So, in other words, tujuan investigasi AAIB adalah mencegah terjadinya recurrence sehingga jika dilihat dari konteksnya yang membicarakan pencegahan (dari kata prevent), recurerence bisa merujuk pada terulangnya kembali kecelakaan. Ingat juga ya bahwa awalan re- berarti sesuatu yang berulang.
Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat adalah occurs again alias E.
18) Read the passage below.
The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) kicked off operations at two electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) at its offices in Central Jakarta and at its energy-conservation technology center (B2TKE) in South Tangerang, Banten, on Wednesday.
BPPT information technology for energy and material division head Eniya Listiani Dewi said the start of operations at the two charging stations was part of the effort to accelerate the national electric vehicle program.
“The BPPT has set up two charging station systems – a 50 kW fast charging station at the BPPT Jakarta and a 20 kW smart charging station at the B2TKE in South Tangerang,” Eniya said, as reported by t.com.
Apart from operating the charging stations, the BPPT also began electric vehicle road trials in its daily operations, connecting the BPPT headquarters in Central Jakarta with the BPPT’s Center for Science and Technology Research (Puspiptek) in South Tangerang. For that purpose, the BPPT has prepared three vehicles – a motorcycle, a micro car and a city car, said Eniya when launching the program.
Before this launching, German car manufacturer MB unveiled its first charging station in Indonesia on Monday in the parking lot of Plaza I shopping mall in Central Jakarta to welcome its electric vehicles that will be introduced next year. Under the name EQ Power, the charging facilities comprise four exclusive parking bays in the mall’s car park, with two 3.7 kilowatt wall box chargers.
Beside that State energy holding company Pertamina on Monday opened four electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, called Green Energy Stations (GES), following the opening of similar facilities in a pilot project. It is proof that Indonesia’s national electric vehicle program is getting closer to the mass production.
Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com
The author’s attitude toward the passage can be best described as…
Nostalgic
Sarcastic
Informative
Humorous
Insulting
Pembahasan:
Pertama, coba yuk kita pahami ide dari masing-masing paragraf, kemudian baru kita bisa menyimpulkan gimana sikap penulis terhadap topik teks ini.
Paragraf 1 -> menjelaskan tentang peluncuran stasiun pengisian untuk kendaraan listrik.
Paragraf 2 -> memaparkan tentang pernyataan dari salah seorang pejabat BPPT.
Paragraf 3 -> menjelaskan bahwa BPPT terus melakukan pengembangan terhadap elemen lain untuk mendukung program kendaraan listrik nasional.
Paragraf 4 -> penulis menyajikan contoh lain dari peluncuran stasiun pengisian untuk kendaraan elektrik yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan merek mobil MB.
Paragraf 5 -> penulis juga menjelaskan secara sekilas peluncuran stasiun pengisian listrik lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Pertamina sebagai bukti bahwa program kendaraan nasional bisa segera direalisasikan.
Dari kelima paragraf tersebut, kita bisa melihat tidak ada kecenderungan penulis pada pihak tertentu. Teks ini pun merupakan teks berita, sehingga sikap penulis dalam menyajikan informasi di teks ini adalah netral dan informatif.
Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat adalah informative atau C.
19) Man : I'll have a final aexmination tommorow
Woman : ....
A. What a shame
B. I promise you can do it
C. It's terrible thing
D. Good on you
E. Good luck, you can do it!
Jawaban: E
Si pria menghadapi ujian. Jadi, hal yang mungkin diucapkan oleh si wanita adalah memberikan dukungannya "Good luck, you can do it!"
20) Man : I'm so sorry, you didn't pass the audtion for the new movie
Woman : Yeah, the director of the movie tought i was not suitable of the character of being a poor lady.
What would the man reply to express encoragement?
A. It's alright, the movie is too expensive
B. Are you ok? You must hate the movie
C. What a luck you have there
D. Don't worry, you still have many other opportunities
E. It would be the same thing for the next movie
Jawaban: D
Pertanyaan nomor ini adalah What would the man reply to express encoragement? Encouragement berarti dorongan atau menyemagati. Dari kata ini bisa disimpulkan bahwa jawaban adalah kalimat yang berisi kalimat kalimat yang bersifat menyemangati. Dari jawaban pilihan A-E kalimat yang bersifat memberikan semangat adalah D (Don't worry, you still have many other opportunities). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa jawaban yang benar adalah D
The author’s attitude towards commercializing the brain-training industry can best be described as…
a. Complacent
b. Skeptical
c. Reluctant
d. Covetous
e. Esurient
Pembahasan
1. Soal ini menanyakan tentang sikap penulis yang tersirat sepanjang teks. Tipe soal ini adalah Attitude Expressed
2. Perasaan penulis sudah dicerminkan pada bagian akhir Paragraf 3.
If the field continues to be led by over inflated claims, we will jeopardize the careful and iterative process of evidence-based innovations in brain training.
Dari potongan kalimat di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penulis tidak setuju dengan mempersiapkan ranah pelatihan otak untuk dunia komersil.
3. Kata yang mencerminkan ketidaksetujuan penulis adalah reluctant
4. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah C
The text below is for queries 2 to 3
Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to take Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors, while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.
Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world over.
Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.
Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in the US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in various European countries. But with Indonesian per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few years, domestic demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most populous country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local demand is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the labor force works in an office environment.
(Adapted from www.gbgindonesia.com)
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Summarizing The Passage
2) The passage is mainly concerned with…
A. psychological elements in education
B. important points of education and training
C. the work of educational psychologists
D. educational policies for psychologists
educational psychologists’ education and training
Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Paragraf tersebut membahas mengenai dua poin penting dalam pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog pendidikan di masa yang akan datang. Paragraf pertama membahas mengenai kinerja psikolog pendidikan terkait ruang dan konteks, yakni bekerja di sekolah atau bekerja sebagai profesional di luar sekolah atau institusi pendidikan.
Paragraf kedua membahas mengenai desain kurikulum sarjana psikologi yang seharusnya mempertimbangkan batasan-batasan yang muncul dari bekerja di lingkungan sekolah.
Jadi, teks tersebut membahas mengenai pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog pendidikan (educational psychologists’ education and training).
3) What is the best summary of the passage?
The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan and Western Europe
Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased
Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region
The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct flavors
Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital
Answer: E
Ringkasan yang tepat dari teks di atas adalah pilihan jawaban (E) Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital yang bermakna “Perkembangan kopi Indonesia dan industri kopi Indonesia perlu pertumbuhan modal” karena kalimat ini mewakili isi dari teks di atas sebagaimana yang tercantum di kalimat utama paragraf pertama “Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment.”
soal un-5
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information
4) What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?
The coffee export has decreased in several years
Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes
Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013
Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in ASEAN
The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian coffee
Answer: C
Dari paragraf ke-3 bisa disimpulkan bahwa ekspor kopi Indonesia telah meningkat dari tahun 2000/2001 sampai tahun 2012/2013. Ini ada pada awal kalimat paragraf ke-3 tersebut. Maka pilihan jawaban (C) Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013 merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following text.
The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected.
Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are showing," says lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather than "hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.
The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.
Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.
(Adapted from www.nature.com)
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Defining the Topic
7) The passage above mainly discusses about….
A. the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
B. the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
C. global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
D. the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period
E. the view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which vanishes
Answer: D
Perhatikan kalimat pertama pada paragraf ke-1 “The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century.” inti kalimatnya mengatakan adanya perdebatan yang membahas tentang tren pemanasan global yang melambat abad ini. Maka topik dari teks di atas adalah (D) The contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period.
soal un-5
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Finding Contextual Meaning
8) The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….
A. well-known
B. promenade
C. shrewd
D. indolent
E. magnificent
Answer: A
Prominent (Terkenal) memiliki makna yang sama dengan pilihan jawaban (A) well-known. Sedangkan, pilihan jawaban (B) promenade artinya “perjalanan”, (C) shrewd berarti “cerdas”, (D) indolent memiliki arti “malas”, dan (E) magnificent artinya “sangat bagus”.
soal un-5
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Understanding Specific Information
9) Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?
A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.
B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record upheld by the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had slowed was no longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real.
E. Because of the diversification in temperature readings from ships and buoys, the study found.
Answer: C
Pilihan jawaban (C) merupakan opsi yang tepat karena pada paragraf ke-4 “This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.” dikatakan bahwa perhitungan yang dilakukan oleh Panel Antarpemerintah pada Perubahan Iklim menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan telah melambat tidak lagi berlaku, yang mana artinya bahwa pemanasan global merupakan isu yang tidak benar.
The following text is for questions 10-11
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.
Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)
Topic: Paraphrasing Detailed Information
Subtopic: Restating Phrases and Sentences
10) Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?
A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and learning outcomes.
Answer: A
Dalam pernyataan “Selama dua dekade terakhir, penggunaan ICT telah menjadi topik penting dalam pendidikan. Di satu sisi, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran.” dapat dinyatakan kembali oleh opsi (A) ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.
soal un-5
Topic: Extracting Core Information
Subtopic: Comprehending Main Ideas
11) Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….
A. educational growth in the last two decades
B. the development of education by using ICT
C. the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
D. teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching
E. ICT and education in today’s learning development
Answer: B
Pertanyaan soal ini intinya menanyakan topik paragraf ke-1. Paragraf ke-1 topiknya membahas penggunaan TIK telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran “On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” itu artinya adanya pengembangan pendidikan dengan menggunakan TIK. Maka pilihan jawaban (B) the development of education by using ICT merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Question number 12 to 14 are based on the following text.
Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after eating and obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to function and this energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin, glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels, creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin that will be streamed through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than others. Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients shortage in the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink lots of water and limit your sugar intake.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging in regular physical exercise can help you get a good night’s sleep. It is recommended that you avoid napping if you are having trouble sleeping at night.
(Adapted from www.thejakartapost.com)
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Author-related Questions
12) What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy
B. To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating
C. To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain
D. To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
E. To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating
Answer: B
Tujuan penulis dalam menulis teks di atas adalah untuk menginformasikan faktor kantuk setelah makan.
Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is responsible for sleepiness post-meal.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before.
Maka pilihan jawaban (B) To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating merupakan opsi yang tepat.
soal un-5
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Author-related Questions
13) By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….
foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and soybeans can generate more drowsiness
overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s ability to function well
the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy
food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy
the hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after eating
Answer: D
Paragraf ke-2 penulis intinya bermaksud untuk memberitahu pembaca bahwa kombinasi makanan yang mengandung asam amino triptofan (protein) dan karbohidrat membuat Anda merasa mengantuk (Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.). Maka pilihan jawaban (D) food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.
soal un-5
Topic: Understanding Implicit Information
Subtopic: Predicting Paragraph
14) It can be predicted from the passage that….
the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy
the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body
Answer: C
Dari kalimat “This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.” dapat diprediksikan bahwa semakin sedikit Anda mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya karbohidrat, maka rasa kantuk akan berkurang. Maka pilihan jawaban (C) the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy merupakan opsi yang tepat.
Question number 15 to 17 are based on the following text.
Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease of unknown cause that results in the progressive narrowing of the blood vessels of the lungs, causing high blood pressure in these blood vessels and eventually leading to heart failure. It is more common in women between the ages of 21 and 40; however, it can affect anyone at any age.
Initial symptoms of PPH may be very minor, and diagnosis may be delayed for several years until symptoms worsen. Typical symptoms may include shortness of breath following exertion, excessive fatigue, dizziness, fainting, weakness, ankle swelling, bluish lips and skin, as well as chest pain. It is difficult to detect PPH in medical examination.
No one knows what causes PPH; however, research into the cause suggests a number of factors that may be responsible for the disease. Possible causes include genetic or familial predisposition, immune system disease, or drugs or other chemical exposures.
Primary pulmonary hypertension is treated with a number of drugs. None of the drugs that can cure or halt the progression of this disease has been found yet, but they may relieve symptoms. Some patients take vasodilators, which help to dilate the blood vessels in the lungs, reducing the blood pressure in them. In addition, anticoagulants may be used to decrease the tendency of the blood to clot in the lungs. Doctors can choose from a variety of drugs that help lower blood pressure in the lungs and improve heart performance in many patients and medication that may take a long period of time. Patients with PPH respond differently to the different medications that relax blood vessels and that no one drug is consistently effective in all patients.
Most doctors and patients agree that it is very important for both patients and families to be as informed as possible. This lets everyone understand the illness and apply the information to what is happening. In addition to family and close friends, support groups can help PPH patients and give some valuable experience sharing among sufferers.
15) Based on the information in the text, primary pulmonary hypertension….
A. is a rare disease that cannot be cured
B. implies malfunctioning of cardiovascular
C. will contribute to death if left untreated
D. optimally needs medical treatments
E. requires long-term alternative therapies
Jawaban: D
PEMBAHASAN:
Soal tipe sulit HOTS biasanya membuat kamu memahami secara mendalam kalimat yang tersaji dalam pilihan jawaban karena ditulis dalam bentuk restatement (kalimat yang ditulis dengan adanya perubahan struktur, perubahan kosakata, peringkasan detil, namun tidak meninggalkan informasi utama yang dinyatakan dalam wacana). Terkadang pula, pilihan jawaban yang tersedia membutuhkan pemikiran logis terhadap perbandingan kalimat yang dinyatakan dalam wacana dan kalimat yang tersaji sebagai pilihan jawaban. Tak jarang pula, pilihan jawabannya membutuhkan pemahaman atas seluruh gagasan pokok yang telah dibahas.
Dalam soal di atas, misalnya, pilihan A dan B terdapat informasi yang tidak akurat karena penyakit ini belum ditemukan obat penyembuhnya, bukan berarti tidak bisa diobati dan penyakit ini menyebabkan gagal jantung akibat peningkatan tekanan darah, bukan karena hilangnya fungsi jantung. Pilihan C tidak bisa dijadikan jawaban karena informasi terkait hal tersebut tidak diberikan (not given) sehingga dalam konteks reading comprehension menjadi salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi yang ada di dalam teks. Kesesuaian pilihan D dengan isi teks menjadikan pilihan E salah karena mengandung infomasi yang tidak akurat bahwa yang dimaksud terapi alternatif adalah pengobatan nonmedis, padahal memang dibahas bahwa penyakit ini butuh perawatan medis jangka panjang.
Untitled design (4)-20
MODEL 2: GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE
16) The teacher asked the lazy student … the English classes.
A. why hadn’t he attended
B. when had he attended
C. hadn’t he attended
D. that he attended
E. how often he had attended
Jawaban: E
PEMBAHASAN:
Soal tipe sulit (HOTS) biasanya menguji beberapa subtopik sekaligus dalam satu soal serta disajikan dengan model yang berbeda dengan contoh kalimat yang ditulis saat pengajaran. Seringkali, model soal yang disajikan boleh dimodifikasi sehingga tidak terlihat dengan jelas soal itu membahas tentang materi grammar apa.
Dalam kasus soal Indirect Speech di atas, soal dimodifikasi dalam bentuk kalimat biasa sehingga tidak terlihat bahwa itu adalah soal kalimat tidak langsung karena tidak ada bentuk kalimat langsung yang disajikan. Soal tersebut juga tidak menguji perubahan struktur kalimat biasa, melainkan kalimat tanya yang biasanya dianggap sulit oleh para peserta.
Dalam pilihan jawaban juga diberikan struktur-struktur yang membuat kamu menganalisis apakah asal kalimat tersebut adalah kalimat langsung biasa atau kalimat pertanyaan dan mengaplikasikan bentuk perubahan dari kalimat langsung pertanyaan ke dalam kalimat tidak langsung.
Untitled design (4)-20
MODEL 3: VOCABULARY ENHANCEMENT
17) Sweet martabak (martabak manis), is a rich-flavoured pancake-like sweet dish which is popular in Indonesia. Sometimes referred to as "martabak bangka", where Bangka is an island in Sumatra. In Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia, these sweet, thick pancakes are also known as "terang bulan" or "kue pinang bangka". Sweet martabak is pan-cooked, using a specially shaped pan, usually with a diameter of about 25 cm and 3 cm thickness.
After cooking, the pancake is topped with a lot of butter or margarine and a (1) ____ of toppings according to the customer's (2) ____. The two major flavors are chocolate and cheese. Common toppings for chocolate flavor include a lot of chocolate sprinkles, coarsely ground peanuts, sweetened condensed milk and sesame seeds. As for the cheese flavor, grated cheese and condensed milk are used. After the toppings are added, the pancake is cut into two, and one side is flipped (3) ____ the other. A large amount of butter or margarine is then added onto the outer part or the skin of the martabak. The martabak can also be made half chocolate and half cheese, or both chocolate and cheese together which is usually called "martabak spesial". Banana as a topping is also becoming more popular recently.
A. upon
B. toward
C. throughout
D. into
E. onto
Jawaban: E
PEMBAHASAN:
Soal tipe sulit (HOTS) biasanya menyediakan pilihan kata yang tidak umum dan membutuhkan perbendaharaan kata yang tingkatnya lanjut dan/atau pemahaman kontekstual yang tepat terhadap arti suatu kata tergantung penggunaannya dalam kalimat. Dalam soal di atas, preposition juga dapat digolongkan sebagai soal yang sulit karena tidak hanya diartikan secara harfiah, tetapi juga membutuhkan exposure terhadap kata-kata tersebut sebelumnya, khususnya dalam phrasal verb atau phrasal adjective.
18) Read the passage below.
In the UK, airplane crashes come under the domain of The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB), which is responsible for the investigation of civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the UK. They are also often called upon to assist in military incidents as well as aviation accidents overseas, especially where British registered planes are involved. Their aim is to respond quickly to air accidents and serious incidents and lead and manage the accident investigation team. On their website, the AAIB stress that the aim of an investigation is ‘to improve aviation safety by determining the causes of air accidents and serious incidents and making safety recommendations intended to prevent recurrence –it’. It is not to apportion blame or liability.
After a crash has happened the AAIB will appoint an Inspector of Air Accidents or the Investigator-in-Charge to oversee the investigation. The Inspector of Air Accidents has legal powers, but must work closely with the Police and Emergency Services. Just some of the powers they have are: free access to the aircraft wreckage and its contents; immediate access to flight recorders and the ability to take sworn statements from those involved or eye witnesses. They also have the authority to impound an aircraft if they believe it is necessary for the success of the investigation.
Adapted from : http://www.nationalgeographic.com.au
The word “recurrence” in the first paragraph refer to a condition that…
A. Is going to happen
B. Can be solved
C. Is potentially impacted
D. Possibly caused an accident
E. Occurs again
Pembahasan:
Untuk menjawab soal ini, coba kamu lihat dulu di mana kata tersebut muncul. Kata recurrence muncul pada kalimat yang berbicara tentang aviation accident atau kecelakaan penerbangan. Ada pula kata-kata yang muncul di sekitarnya yakni improve aviation safety, making safety recommendation, dan prevent. Jadi, jika dipahami secara keseluruhan kalimat ini: … the AAIB stress that the aim of an investigation is ‘to improve aviation safety by determining the causes of air accidents and serious incidents and making safety recommendations intended to prevent recurrence –it bahwa tujuan investigasi AAIB adalah untuk meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan dengan menentukan menentukan penyebab kecelakaan dan membuat rekomendasi keselamatan untuk mencegah terjadinya recurrence.
So, in other words, tujuan investigasi AAIB adalah mencegah terjadinya recurrence sehingga jika dilihat dari konteksnya yang membicarakan pencegahan (dari kata prevent), recurerence bisa merujuk pada terulangnya kembali kecelakaan. Ingat juga ya bahwa awalan re- berarti sesuatu yang berulang.
Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat adalah occurs again alias E.
18) Read the passage below.
The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) kicked off operations at two electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) at its offices in Central Jakarta and at its energy-conservation technology center (B2TKE) in South Tangerang, Banten, on Wednesday.
BPPT information technology for energy and material division head Eniya Listiani Dewi said the start of operations at the two charging stations was part of the effort to accelerate the national electric vehicle program.
“The BPPT has set up two charging station systems – a 50 kW fast charging station at the BPPT Jakarta and a 20 kW smart charging station at the B2TKE in South Tangerang,” Eniya said, as reported by t.com.
Apart from operating the charging stations, the BPPT also began electric vehicle road trials in its daily operations, connecting the BPPT headquarters in Central Jakarta with the BPPT’s Center for Science and Technology Research (Puspiptek) in South Tangerang. For that purpose, the BPPT has prepared three vehicles – a motorcycle, a micro car and a city car, said Eniya when launching the program.
Before this launching, German car manufacturer MB unveiled its first charging station in Indonesia on Monday in the parking lot of Plaza I shopping mall in Central Jakarta to welcome its electric vehicles that will be introduced next year. Under the name EQ Power, the charging facilities comprise four exclusive parking bays in the mall’s car park, with two 3.7 kilowatt wall box chargers.
Beside that State energy holding company Pertamina on Monday opened four electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, called Green Energy Stations (GES), following the opening of similar facilities in a pilot project. It is proof that Indonesia’s national electric vehicle program is getting closer to the mass production.
Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com
The author’s attitude toward the passage can be best described as…
Nostalgic
Sarcastic
Informative
Humorous
Insulting
Pembahasan:
Pertama, coba yuk kita pahami ide dari masing-masing paragraf, kemudian baru kita bisa menyimpulkan gimana sikap penulis terhadap topik teks ini.
Paragraf 1 -> menjelaskan tentang peluncuran stasiun pengisian untuk kendaraan listrik.
Paragraf 2 -> memaparkan tentang pernyataan dari salah seorang pejabat BPPT.
Paragraf 3 -> menjelaskan bahwa BPPT terus melakukan pengembangan terhadap elemen lain untuk mendukung program kendaraan listrik nasional.
Paragraf 4 -> penulis menyajikan contoh lain dari peluncuran stasiun pengisian untuk kendaraan elektrik yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan merek mobil MB.
Paragraf 5 -> penulis juga menjelaskan secara sekilas peluncuran stasiun pengisian listrik lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Pertamina sebagai bukti bahwa program kendaraan nasional bisa segera direalisasikan.
Dari kelima paragraf tersebut, kita bisa melihat tidak ada kecenderungan penulis pada pihak tertentu. Teks ini pun merupakan teks berita, sehingga sikap penulis dalam menyajikan informasi di teks ini adalah netral dan informatif.
Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat adalah informative atau C.
19) Man : I'll have a final aexmination tommorow
Woman : ....
A. What a shame
B. I promise you can do it
C. It's terrible thing
D. Good on you
E. Good luck, you can do it!
Jawaban: E
Si pria menghadapi ujian. Jadi, hal yang mungkin diucapkan oleh si wanita adalah memberikan dukungannya "Good luck, you can do it!"
20) Man : I'm so sorry, you didn't pass the audtion for the new movie
Woman : Yeah, the director of the movie tought i was not suitable of the character of being a poor lady.
What would the man reply to express encoragement?
A. It's alright, the movie is too expensive
B. Are you ok? You must hate the movie
C. What a luck you have there
D. Don't worry, you still have many other opportunities
E. It would be the same thing for the next movie
Jawaban: D
Pertanyaan nomor ini adalah What would the man reply to express encoragement? Encouragement berarti dorongan atau menyemagati. Dari kata ini bisa disimpulkan bahwa jawaban adalah kalimat yang berisi kalimat kalimat yang bersifat menyemangati. Dari jawaban pilihan A-E kalimat yang bersifat memberikan semangat adalah D (Don't worry, you still have many other opportunities). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa jawaban yang benar adalah D
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